| Impact of Climate change on IAQ and the associated health risks |
| Impact of Climate change on IAQ and the associated health risks |
There is growing evidence that projected climate change has the potential to significantly affect public health. Much of this impact is likely to arise by amplifying existing risks related to heat exposure, flooding, and chemical and biological contamination in buildings. Identifying the health effects of climate change on the indoor environment, and risks and opportunities related to climate change adaptation and mitigation, can help protect public health. We review relevant scientific literature, focusing on housing-related health effects likely to arise through either direct or indirect mechanisms of climate change or mitigation and adaptation measures in the built environment. Certain changes to the indoor environment can affect indoor air quality or promote the growth and propagation of pathogenic organisms. Increasing airtightness of dwellings in pursuit of energy efficiency could have negative effects by increasing concentrations of pollutants (such as PM2.5, CO and radon) derived from indoor or ground sources, and biological contamination. These effects can largely be ameliorated by mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR) and air filtration, where such solution is feasible and when the system is properly installed, operated and maintained. Groups at high risk of these adverse health effects include the elderly (especially those living on their own), individuals with pre-existing illnesses, people living in overcrowded accommodation, and the socioeconomically deprived. A better understanding of how current and emerging building infrastructure design, construction, and materials may affect health in the context of climate change and mitigation and adaptation measures is needed. Long-term, energy efficient building design interventions, ensuring adequate ventilation, need to be promoted.